Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School for Social Research and Doctor of Philosophy in English literature from NYU.
Updated April 28, 2022 Reviewed by Reviewed by Charlene RhinehartCharlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of an Illinois CPA Society committee, and has a degree in accounting and finance from DePaul University.
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The National Securities Markets Improvement Act is a law passed in 1996 that sought to simplify securities regulation in the U.S. by apportioning more regulatory power to the federal government.
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act (NSMIA) amended the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and went into effect on Jan. 1, 1997. Its main consequence was to increase the authority of federal regulators at the expense of their state-level counterparts, a change that was expected to increase the efficiency of the financial services industry.
Prior to the NSMIA, state-level Blue Sky laws, which were passed in order to protect retail investors from scams, were considerably more powerful. However, because the securities subject to this regulation were already subject to hefty federal regulation, it's likely these laws slowed things down in the market. The NSMIA reduced the amount of interplay between competing regulatory agencies by transferring most of the state's regulatory power to the federal government, namely the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
The law states that "covered" securities are exempt from having to pass through the state's regulatory agencies. Today, most stocks traded in the U.S. are considered covered securities. In addition to the offers and sales of certain exempt securities, the NSMIA defines "covered" securities as securities that:
Before the NSMIA was enacted in 1996, the states' blue sky laws had significant regulatory power over capital formation in the securities market. The term "blue sky law" is said to have originated in the early 1900s, gaining widespread use when a Kansas Supreme Court justice declared his desire to protect investors from speculative ventures that had "no more basis than so many feet of 'blue sky.'"
This law proved to be particularly necessary after the stock market crash in 1929. There was much uncertainty during this time and investors didn't have full trust that the stocks they were investing in were legitimate. In fact, many companies issued stock, promoted real estate, and other investment deals while making lofty, unsubstantiated claims of greater profits to come. At this time, the SEC did not yet exist and there was little regulatory oversight of the investment and financial industry as a whole.
However, since the creation of the SEC and advancements in technology and ledger systems, blue sky laws simply duplicate the regulatory measures imposed by the SEC which can slow down capital formation, particularly among smaller businesses.